Coriaria nepalensis
Coriaria nepalensis Wallich
- genus Coriaria L.
Overview
General Description
Shrubs decumbent, 1.5-2.5 m tall, with horizontally spreading branches; branchlets tetragonous or narrowly 4-winged; young branches purplish red, puberulent or glabrescent; old branches purplish brown, with clearly prominent lenticels; bud scales purplish red, ovate or ovate-triangular, 1-2 mm, membranous, glabrous. Leaves opposite; petiole purple, 2-3 mm, puberulent, inflated into pad at base; leaf blade elliptic or broadly elliptic, 2.5-8 cm long, 1.5-4 cm wide, papery to thinly leathery, both surfaces glabrous or puberulent on midrib and lateral veins, 3-veined to apex, veins raised abaxially, slightly impressed adaxially, base rounded, margin entire, apex acute. Inflorescences axillary. Male inflorescence 1.5-2.5 cm, densely multiflorous, flowers opening before leaves, rachis glandular puberulent; bracts and bracteoles ovate-orbicular, ca. 2.5 × 2 mm, membranous, translucent, concave, margins fringed denticulate upward; pedicel ca. 1 mm, glabrous; sepals ovate, 1.5-2 nm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, margins translucent, fringed denticulate; petals ovate, very small, ca. 0.3 mm; filaments linear, ca. 1 mm, elongating in anthesis, 3-3.5 mm, anthers oblong, ca. 2 mm; sterile pistils small. Female inflorescence with flowers opening at same time that leaves appear, 4-6 cm, rachis glandular puberulent; bracts purplish, ca. 4 mm; pedicel 1.5-2.5 mm; sepals same as in male flower; petals small, fleshy; stamens short, filaments ca. 0.5 mm; carpels 5, compressed, auriculate, ca. 0.7 × 0.5 mm, styles ca. 1 mm, stigma purplish red. Fruit red to dark purple or purplish black when mature, subglobose, 4-6 mm in diam. Seeds ovoid-oblong.
Description
Diagnostic Description
Coriaria nepalensis is close relative of Coriaria terminalis, but differs from the latter in its axillary (vs. terminal) inflorescences, shrubs (vs. subshrubby herbs).
Genetics
The chromosomal number of Coriaria nepalensis is 2n = 40 (Oginuma et al., 1991; Oginuma, 1993).
Morphology
Coriaria nepalensis is here defined to leaf blade elliptic or broadly elliptic, apex acute, male flower with sterile pistils.
Ecology and Distribution
Cyclicity
Flowering from February to May; fruiting from May to August.
Distribution
Coriaria nepalensis is occurring in Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan of China, Bhutan, India, Kashmir, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan.
Evolution
The phylogenetic relationships of 12 Coriaria species collected from the representative disjunct areas were inferred by comparing 2416 bp of the combined data set of rbcL and matK genes. The phylogenetic tree shows that the Chile-Papua New Guinea-New Zealand-Pacific islands species and the Central America-northern South America species form a sister group, and the Eurasian clade is more basal to them (Yokoyama et al., 2000).
Habitat
Growing in thickets, mountain slopes; 200-3200 m.
Taxonomy
- Coriaria kweichowensis Hu (synonym)
- Coriaria sinica Maximowicz (synonym)
- Morus calva H. Léveillé (synonym)


